The left picture is too dark (underexposed). The right picture has normal exposure.

The left picture is washed out. The right picture has normal exposure.

This picture is out of focus.

Photography [f?’t?gr?fi:],[fo?’t?gr?fi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensor. Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects expose a sensitive silver halide based chemical or electronic medium during a timed exposure, usually through a photographic lens in a device known as a camera that also stores the resulting information chemically or electronically.

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Other References:

http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/keys/webtours/VQ_P2_7_EN.html

http://www.floridamemory.com/OnlineClassroom/photographic-processes/index.cfm

http://www.photopermit.org

http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/keys/webtours/VQ_P3_2_EN.html

http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/lesson_plans/every_picture/index.html

http://www.borodulincollection.com/index_eng.html

http://www.cycleback.com/photoguide/index.html

A photo essay is a set or series of photographs that are intended to tell a story or evoke a series of emotions in the viewer. Photo essays range from purely photographic works to photographs with captions or small notes to full text essays with a few or many accompanying photographs. Photo essays can be sequential in nature, intended to be viewed in a particular order, or they may consist of non-ordered photographs which may be viewed all at once or in an order chosen by the viewer.

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Other References:

http://theforeigner-japan.com/photoessays/

Ilford Photo is a maker of photographic films, paper, and chemicals. Ilford is known worldwide for its black-and-white films and papers, as well as its range of Ilfochrome and Ilfocolor colour printing materials. Ilfochrome was formerly called Cibachrome, developed in partnership with Swiss company CIBA-Geigy.

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Other References:

http://www.ilford.com/

http://www.ilfordphoto.com/

Photo editing is the application of image editing techniques to modifying photographs, by either analog or digital means. Uses, cultural impact and ethical concerns have made it a subject of interest beyond the technical process and skills involved. See Image editing for the technical processes involved.

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Other References:

http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

http://www.digitalcustom.com/howto/mediaguidelines.asp

A photo printer is a printer (usually an inkjet printer) that is specifically designed to print high quality digital photos on photo paper. These printers usually have a very high number of nozzles and are capable of printing droplets as small as 1 picoliter.

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Other References:

http://printerinkcartridges.printcountry.com/printer-ink-cartridges-articles-new/epson-photo-printers-and-epson-photo-ink-durability/

http://www.myofficeportal.org/photo_printing_tips.asp

http://printerinkcartridges.printcountry.com/inkjet-printer-ink-cartridge-use-tips/10-tips-buy-best-printer/

http://www.pacificink.com/link.php?pg=photoprinterinfo

http://www.steves-digicams.com/printers.html

The Photo-Secession movement was a group of photographers led by Alfred Stieglitz in the early 1900s that helped to raise standards and awareness of art photography.

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War photography captures images of armed conflict and life in war-torn areas.

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Other References:

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0309061/

http://www.pbs.org/ktca/americanphotography/features/war.html

Photo emulsion is a photosensitive substance used in screen printing that hardens when subjected to ultraviolet light. To prepare a screen for printing, it is coated with liquid photo emulsion and allowed to dry. Opaque, monochromatic artwork (known as a stencil or a positive) is transferred onto a transparent medium such as glass or film which is placed over the emulsified screen.

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:”Colour film” redirects here. For the motion picture equivalent, see Color film (motion picture). Color photography is photography that uses media capable of representing colors which are produced chemically during the photographic processing phase. It is contrasted with black-and-white photography, which uses media capable only of showing shades of gray, and does not include hand colored photographs.

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Other References:

http://conservationregister.com/carephotographs.asp?id=4/

http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byauth/roosa/roosa1.html/

http://www.nedcc.org/

http://www.loc.gov/preserv/care/photosup.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/gorskii.html

http://www.wilhelm-research.com/

http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/conserv.html

http://www.nara.gov/arch/techinfo/preserva/maintena/cold.html/

http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/care/photolea.html/

http://www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org/

http://www.ansi.org/

Found photography is the hobby of the recovery of lost, unclaimed, or discarded vernacular photograph. Found photos can be “found” at flea markets, thrift stores, yard sales, estate sales, in dumpsters and trash cans, between the pages of books or on sidewalks. Commonly, discarded photographs are unimportant to the original owner because nothing exciting is happening in the picture.

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Macro photography refers to close-up photography; the classical definition that the image projected on the “film plane” (i.e film or a digital sensor) is close to the same size as the subject. On 35 mm film (for example), the lens is typically optimized to focus sharply on a small area approaching the size of the film frame. Most 35mm format macro lenses achieve at least 1:2, that is to say, the image on the film is 1/2 the size of the object being photographed.

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Other References:

http://www.schaab.com/mNikon/content/view/29/38/

http://www.photocritic.org/2005/macro-photography-on-a-budget/

http://www.eyeforphotos.com/guides_macro.php

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artsep01/vrcoolpix2.html

http://www.kevinwilley.com/l3_topic05.htm

Night photography refers to photographs taken outdoors between twilight and dawn. Night photographers generally have a choice between using artificial light or using a long exposure, exposing the scene for seconds or even minutes, in order to give the film enough time to capture a usable image, and to compensate for reciprocity failure.

Wikipedia: link

Other References:

http://pages.cthome.net/rwinkler/nightphotog.htm

http://www.nightfolio.co.uk/night_photography_notes_index.html

http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/night-photography.htm

http://www.thenocturnes.com

Stock photography consists of existing photographs that can be licensed for specific uses. Book publishers, specialty publishers, magazines, advertising agencies, filmmakers, web designers, graphic artists, interior decor firms, corporate creative groups, and others use stock photography to fulfill the needs of their creative assignments.

Wikipedia: link

Other References:

http://www.stockartistsalliance.org/

http://www.pacaoffice.org

http://www.cepic.org

http://www.bapla.org.uk

http://www.stockphototalk.com

http://www.stockasylum.com

http://www.abouttheimage.com

http://www.stock-photo-review.com/Default.aspx

http://www.stockphoto.net/Associations.php

]]

Wikipedia: link

Other References:

http://www.ukaerialphotos.com/

http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/remote/remote_f.html

http://www.rcapa.net/

http://www.hagley.org/library/exhibits/dallinexhibit/

http://www.photo.net/learn/aerial/primer

http://www.sc.edu/library/digital/collections/aerials/scaerialscolahome.html

http://www.wikihow.com/Take-Aerial-Photos-Using-a-Kite

http://www.digitalaerialphoto.com

http://rcapa.net/

http://www.aerialarchaeology.com

http://www.papainternational.org/

http://airphotos.nrcan.gc.ca/photos101/photos101_info_e.php

http://multimapsightseeing.blogspot.com

http://www.filemagazine.com/galleries/archives/2006/08/aerial_photogra.html

http://www.jasonhawkes.com

Analog photography is photography made by a progressive changing image medium; usually one based on chemical processes (photographic film) or on electronic tubes (TV). This was the dominant form of photography for much of its history, but is now being Supplemented by digital photography.

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Candid photography is snapshot photography that focuses on spontaneity rather than technique, on perfecting the immersion of a camera within events rather than focusing on setting up a staged situation, focusing on lengthy camera setup, or focusing on particularly strong lenses.

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Other References:

http://privacy.4020.net

http://commfaculty.fullerton.edu/lester/writings/chapter5.html

http://www.apogeephoto.com/apr2001/bernstein4_2001.shtml

Nature photography refers to a wide range of photography taken outdoors and devoted to displaying natural elements such as landscapes, wildlife, plants, and close-ups of natural scenes and textures. Nature photography tends to put a stronger emphasis on the aesthetic value of the photo than other photography genres, such as photojournalism and documentary photography.

Wikipedia: link

Other References:

http://www.nanpa.org/

http://www.allnature.org/

Secret photography involves a person or persons being unaware that they are being intentionally photographed. It is sometimes called “covert photography”, but this is a term used mostly among professional investigators.

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Sports photography refers to the genre of photography that covers all types of sports. The equipment used by a professional photographer usually includes a fast telephoto lens and a camera that has an extremely fast shutter speed that can rapidly take pictures.

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Street photography is a type of documentary photography that usually features people in candid situations in public places such as streets, parks, beaches, malls, political conventions, and other settings.

Wikipedia: link

Other References:

http://www.photopermit.org

http://www.Photo.net

http://www.photo.net/photo/street-photography

Travel photography is a subcategory of photography that is characterized by documenting the landscapes, inhabitants, cultures, customs and history of a specific region of the world.

Wikipedia: link

Other References:

http://www.travelphoto.net/

http://www.travelphotographers.net/

http://www.travelpix.org/

Digital photography, as opposed to film photography, uses electronic devices to record and capture the image as binary data. This facilitates storage and editing of the images on personal computers, and also the ability to show and delete unsuccessful images immediately on the camera or software itself.

Wikipedia: link

Other References:

http://netzreport.googlepages.com/hidden_data_in_jpeg_files.html

http://www.ima.umn.edu/preprints/mar2006/2104.pdf

http://www.cs.duke.edu/~parr/photography/faq.html

http://www.paullee.com/ghosts/orbs.html

http://www.digital-photography-tips.net/digital-photography-terminology.html

Fashion photography is a genre of photography devoted to displaying clothing and other fashion items. Fashion photography is most often conducted for advertisements or fashion magazines such as Vogue, Vanity Fair, or Allure. Over time, fashion photography has developed its own aesthetic in which the clothes and fashions are enhanced by exotic locations and story lines.

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